什么是抽象名词?你可能还记得名词是用来命名人、动物、地点、事物和思想的词。在这里，我们将定义抽象名词，提供抽象名词示例，并为您提供使用抽象名词写出有趣句子所需的信息。What are abstract nouns? You probably can recall that nouns are words that name people, animals, places, things, and ideas. Here, we’ll define abstract nouns, provide abstract noun examples, and give you the information you need for using an abstract noun to write interesting sentences.
什么是抽象名词？
抽象名词是用来命名非具体事物的词。你的五种感官无法探测到一个抽象的名词——你看不到它，闻不到它，尝不到它，听不到它，也摸不到它。本质上，抽象名词是一种品质、一个概念、一个想法，甚至可能是一个事件。Abstract nouns are words that name things that are not concrete. Your five physical senses cannot detect an abstract noun – you can’t see it, smell it, taste it, hear it, or touch it. In essence, an abstract noun is a quality, a concept, an idea, or maybe even an event.
抽象名词和具体名词通常是相互定义的。抽象的东西只存在于头脑中，而具体的东西可以以物理的方式相互作用。性质、关系、理论、条件和存在状态是抽象名词定义的事物类型的一些例子。Abstract nouns and concrete nouns are usually defined in terms of one another. Something that is abstract exists only in the mind, while something that is concrete can be interacted with in a physical way. Qualities, relationships, theories, conditions, and states of being are some examples of the types of things abstract nouns define.
抽象名词的类型
很难判断一个名词是抽象的还是具体的。许多语法专家争论是否某些术语，使事情变得更糟。抽象名词和具体名词之间的界限常常很模糊。例如，许多抽象名词列表中包含了“laughter”这个词，但也有一些列表中没有这个词，因为它是可以听到、看到和身体上感觉到的东西。It’s not always easy to determine if a noun is abstract or concrete. Many grammar experts argue over whether certain terms, making things even worse. The line separating abstract nouns from concrete nouns is often quite blurry. For example, many abstract noun lists include the word laughter, but others leave it out, as it’s something that can be heard, seen, and physically felt.
抽象名词示例
下面的列表包含了不同类型的抽象名词。某些抽象名词，尤其是那些描述感觉和情绪的名词，很容易被归入多个类别，因为它们可以以不同的方式使用。了解它们，当你看到一个抽象名词时，你会更容易认出它。The following lists contain different types of abstract nouns. Certain abstract nouns, especially the ones describing feelings and emotions, easily fit into multiple categories, as they can be used in different ways. Get to know them, and it’ll be easier for you to spot an abstract noun when you see one.
| Feelings | States | Emotions | Qualities | Concepts | Ideas | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Being | Anger | Beauty | Charity | Beliefs | Adventure |
| Confusion | Chaos | Despair | Beauty | Comfort | Communication | Birthday |
| Fear | Freedom | Happiness | Brilliance | Culture | Curiosity | Career |
| Pain | Liberty | Hate | Courage | Deceit | Democracy | Childhood |
| Pleasure | Luxury | Indifference | Dedication | Energy | Friendship | Death |
| Satisfaction | Misery | Joy | Determination | Failure | Interest | Future |
| Sensitivity | Nervousness | Grief | Generosity | Faith | Knowledge | Holiday |
| Stress | Openness | Love | Honesty | Motivation | Thought | Life |
| Sympathy | Peace | Sadness | Patience | Opportunity | Sacrifice | Marriage |
| Warmth | Pessimism | Sorrow | Trust | Perseverance | Wisdom | Past |
更多例子
虽然你可能没有意识到，但你每天都在许多不同的情况下体验抽象名词。一旦你读了这些抽象名词的例子，你可能会发现想出一些你自己的抽象名词是很容易的。Although you may not realize it, you experience abstract nouns every day and in many different types of situations. Once you’ve read these abstract noun examples, you’ll probably find it very easy to come up with some abstract nouns of your own.
• Love, fear, anger, joy, excitement, and other emotions are abstract nouns.
• Courage, bravery, cowardice, and other such states are abstract nouns.
• Desire, creativity, uncertainty, and other innate feelings are abstract nouns.
这些只是一些可以被感知的非具体词汇的例子。下面的句子包含抽象名词的例句，虽然所表达的思想是真实的，但它们是你看不见、摸不到、尝不到、闻不到或听不到的东西。These are just a few examples of non-concrete words that are sensed. The following sentences contain abstract noun examples which have been italicized for easy identification. Notice that although the ideas expressed are real, they are things you can’t see, touch, taste, smell, or hear.
• I want to see justice served.
• I’d like the freedom to travel all over the world.
• Joe felt a nagging sense of doom.
• Love is a kind of irresistible desire; it’s hard to define.
• When Sarah jumped into the lake to rescue a drowning cat, her bravery astonished onlookers.
做点练习吧
许多抽象名词是由形容词构成的，但也有一些是由动词或名词构成的。你会在每个句子末尾的括号里发现这些单词中的一个。用它来构成一个抽象名词来填空。Many abstract nouns are formed from adjectives, though some are formed from verbs or nouns. You’ll find one of these words in parenthesis at the end of each sentence. Use it to form an abstract noun to fill in the blank.
