知识要点
一般过去时是什么?
一般过去时表述的是过去存在的状态或发生的动作,此状态或动作现在不存在了。
一般现在时中谓语动词的形式?
一般现在时,谓语动词主要使用过去式形式。
动词的过去式是怎么构成的?
对于大多数动词来说,中考要求掌握的动词的过去式通过以下规则变化:
- 一般动词直接加-ed,例如:look-looked;
- 以e结尾的动词直接加-d,例如:dance-danced;
- 辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,例如:study-studied;
- 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母加-ed,例如:skip-skipped;
而中考词汇中约108个动词的过去式是不规则的,需要归类记忆。请看下表:
音序 | 动词 | 过去式 | ||||
单词 | 英音 | 美音 | 单词 | 英音 | 美音 | |
18 | cost | /kɒst/ | /kɑst/ | cost | /kɒst/ | /kɑst/ |
19 | cut | /kʌt/ | /kʌt/ | cut | /kʌt/ | /kʌt/ |
46 | hurt | /hɜːt/ | /hɜrt/ | hurt | /hɜːt/ | /hɜrt/ |
54 | let | /lɛt/ | /lɛt/ | let | /lɛt/ | /lɛt/ |
65 | put | /pʊt/ | /pʊt/ | put | /pʊt/ | /pʊt/ |
66 | read /ri:d/ | /riːd /ri:diː// | /rid /ri:di// | read /red/ | /riːd /rɛd// | /rid /rɛd// |
75 | set | /sɛt/ | /sɛt/ | set | /sɛt/ | /sɛt/ |
81 | shut | /ʃʌt/ | /ʃʌt/ | shut | /ʃʌt/ | /ʃʌt/ |
90 | spread | /sprɛd/ | /sprɛd/ | spread | /sprɛd/ | /sprɛd/ |
4 | beat | /biːt/ | /bit/ | beat | /biːt/ | /bit/ |
14 | can | /kæn/ | /kæn/ | could | /kʊd/ | /kʊd/ |
59 | may | /meɪ/ | /meɪ/ | might | /maɪt/ | /maɪt/ |
63 | must | /mʌst/ | /mʌst/ | must | /mʌst/ | /mʌst/ |
77 | shall | /ʃæl/ | /ʃæl/ | should | /ʃʊd/ | /ʃʊd/ |
104 | will | /wɪl/ | /wɪl/ | would | /wʊd/ | /wʊd/ |
5 | become | /bɪˈkʌm/ | /bɪˈkʌm/ | became | /bɪˈkeɪm/ | /bɪˈkeɪm/ |
17 | come | /kʌm/ | /kʌm/ | came | /keɪm/ | /keɪm/ |
70 | run | /rʌn/ | /rʌn/ | ran | /ræn/ | /ræn/ |
7 | bleed | /bliːd/ | /blid/ | bled | /blɛd/ | /blɛd/ |
10 | bring | /brɪŋ/ | /brɪŋ/ | brought | /brɔːt/ | /brɔt/ |
11 | build | /bɪld/ | /bɪld/ | built | /bɪlt/ | /bɪlt/ |
12 | burn | /bɜːn/ | /bɜrn/ | burnt / burned | /bɜːnt / bɜːnd/ | /bɜrnt / bɜrnd/ |
13 | buy | /baɪ/ | /baɪ/ | bought | /bɔːt/ | /bɑt/ |
15 | catch | /kæʧ/ | /kæʧ/ | caught | /kɔːt/ | /kɑt/ |
20 | deal | /diːl/ | /dil/ | dealt | /dɛlt/ | /dɛlt/ |
21 | dig | /dɪɡ/ | /dɪɡ/ | dug | /dʌɡ/ | /dʌɡ/ |
24 | dream | /driːm/ | /drim/ | dreamt / dreamed | /drɛmt / driːmd/ | /drɛmt / drimd/ |
29 | feed | /fiːd/ | /fid/ | fed | /fɛd/ | /fɛd/ |
30 | feel | /fiːl/ | /fil/ | felt | /fɛlt/ | /fɛlt/ |
31 | fight | /faɪt/ | /faɪt/ | fought | /fɔːt/ | /fɔt/ |
32 | find | /faɪnd/ | /faɪnd/ | found | /faʊnd/ | /faʊnd/ |
36 | get | /ɡɛt/ | /ɡɛt/ | got | /ɡɒt/ | /ɡɑt/ |
40 | hang (悬挂) | /hæŋ/ (悬挂) | /hæŋ/ (悬挂) | hung | /hʌŋ/ | /hʌŋ/ |
41 | have | /hæv/ | /hæv/ | had | /hæd/ | /hæd/ |
42 | hear | /hɪə/ | /hir/ | heard | /hɜːd/ | /hɜrd/ |
44 | hit | /hɪt/ | /hɪt/ | hit | /hɪt/ | /hɪt/ |
45 | hold | /həʊld/ | /hoʊld/ | held | /hɛld/ | /hɛld/ |
47 | keep | /kiːp/ | /kip/ | kept | /kɛpt/ | /kɛpt/ |
49 | lay | /leɪ/ | /leɪ/ | laid | /leɪd/ | /leɪd/ |
50 | lead | /liːd/ | /lid/ | led | /lɛd/ | /lɛd/ |
51 | learn | /lɜːn/ | /lɜrn/ | learnt / learned | /lɜːnt / lɜːnd/ | /lɜrnt / lɜrnd/ |
52 | leave | /liːv/ | /liv/ | left | /lɛft/ | /lɛft/ |
53 | lend | /lɛnd/ | /lɛnd/ | lent | /lɛnt/ | /lɛnt/ |
56 | light | /laɪt/ | /laɪt/ | lit / lighted | /lɪt / ˈlaɪtɪd/ | /lɪt / ˈlaɪtɪd/ |
57 | lose | /luːz/ | /luz/ | lost | /lɒst/ | /lɔst/ |
58 | make | /meɪk/ | /meɪk/ | made | /meɪd/ | /meɪd/ |
60 | mean | /miːn/ | /min/ | meant | /mɛnt/ | /mɛnt/ |
61 | meet | /miːt/ | /mit/ | met | /mɛt/ | /mɛt/ |
64 | pay | /peɪ/ | /peɪ/ | paid | /peɪd/ | /peɪd/ |
71 | say | /seɪ/ | /seɪ/ | said | /sɛd/ | /sɛd/ |
73 | sell | /sɛl/ | /sɛl/ | sold | /səʊld/ | /soʊld/ |
74 | send | /sɛnd/ | /sɛnd/ | sent | /sɛnt/ | /sɛnt/ |
78 | shine | /ʃaɪn/ | /ʃaɪn/ | shone | /ʃɒn/ | /ʃoʊn/ |
79 | shoot | /ʃuːt/ | /ʃut/ | shot | /ʃɒt/ | /ʃɑt/ |
83 | sit | /sɪt/ | /sɪt/ | sat | /sæt/ | /sæt/ |
84 | sleep | /sliːp/ | /slip/ | slept | /slɛpt/ | /slɛpt/ |
85 | smell | /smɛl/ | /smɛl/ | smelt / smelled | /smɛlt / smɛld/ | /smɛlt / smɛld/ |
87 | speed | /spiːd/ | /spid/ | sped / speeded | /spɛd / ˈspiːdɪd/ | /spɛd / ˈspidɪd/ |
88 | spell | /spɛl/ | /spɛl/ | spelt / spelled | /spɛlt / spɛld/ | /spelt / spɛld/ |
89 | spend | /spɛnd/ | /spɛnd/ | spent | /spɛnt/ | /spɛnt/ |
91 | stand | /stænd/ | /stænd/ | stood | /stʊd/ | /stʊd/ |
93 | stick | /stɪk/ | /stɪk/ | stuck | /stʌk/ | /stʌk/ |
94 | sweep | /swiːp/ | /swip/ | swept | /swɛpt/ | /swɛpt/ |
97 | teach | /tiːʧ/ | /tiʧ/ | taught | /tɔːt/ | /tɔt/ |
98 | tell | /tɛl/ | /tɛl/ | told | /təʊld/ | /toʊld/ |
99 | think | /θɪŋk/ | /θɪŋk/ | thought | /θɔːt/ | /θɔt/ |
101 | understand | /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ | /ˌʌndərˈstænd/ | understood | /ˌʌndəˈstʊd/ | /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/ |
105 | win | /wɪn/ | /wɪn/ | won | /wʌn/ | /wʌn/ |
1 | awake | /əˈweɪk/ | /əˈweɪk/ | awoke | /əˈwəʊk/ | /əˈwoʊk/ |
2 | be (am, is, are) | /biː (æm, ɪz, ɑː)/ | /bi (æm, ɪz, ɑr)/ | was, were | /wɒz, wɜː/ | /wʌz, wɜr/ |
3 | bear | /beə/ | /bɛr/ | bore | /bɔː/ | /bɔr/ |
6 | begin | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | began | /bɪˈɡæn/ | /bɪˈɡæn/ |
8 | blow | /bləʊ/ | /bloʊ/ | blew | /bluː/ | /blu/ |
9 | break | /breɪk/ | /breɪk/ | broke | /brəʊk/ | /broʊk/ |
16 | choose | /ʧuːz/ | /ʧuz/ | chose | /ʧəʊz/ | /ʧoʊz/ |
22 | do | /duː/ | /du/ | did | /dɪd/ | /dɪd/ |
23 | draw | /drɔː/ | /drɔ/ | drew | /druː/ | /dru/ |
25 | drink | /drɪŋk/ | /drɪŋk/ | drank | /dræŋk/ | /dræŋk/ |
26 | drive | /draɪv/ | /draɪv/ | drove | /drəʊv/ | /droʊv/ |
27 | eat | /iːt/ | /it/ | ate | /eɪt/ | /eɪt/ |
28 | fall | /fɔːl/ | /fɔl/ | fell | /fɛl/ | /fɛl/ |
33 | fly | /flaɪ/ | /flaɪ/ | flew | /fluː/ | /flu/ |
34 | forget | /fəˈɡɛt/ | /fərˈɡɛt/ | forgot | /fəˈɡɒt/ | /fərˈɡɑt/ |
35 | freeze | /friːz/ | /friz/ | froze | /frəʊz/ | /froʊz/ |
37 | give | /ɡɪv/ | /ɡɪv/ | gave | /ɡeɪv/ | /ɡeɪv/ |
38 | go | /ɡəʊ/ | /ɡoʊ/ | went | /wɛnt/ | /wɛnt/ |
39 | grow | /ɡrəʊ/ | /ɡroʊ/ | grew | /ɡruː/ | /ɡru/ |
43 | hide | /haɪd/ | /haɪd/ | hid | /hɪd/ | /hɪd/ |
48 | know | /nəʊ/ | /noʊ/ | knew | /njuː/ | /nu/ |
55 | lie (躺) | /laɪ (躺)/ | /laɪ (躺)/ | lay | /leɪ/ | /leɪ/ |
62 | mistake | /mɪˈsteɪk/ | /mɪsˈteɪk/ | mistook | /mɪˈstʊk/ | /mɪsˈtʊk/ |
67 | ride | /raɪd/ | /raɪd/ | rode | /rəʊd/ | /roʊd/ |
68 | ring | /rɪŋ/ | /rɪŋ/ | rang | /ræŋ/ | /ræŋ/ |
69 | rise | /raɪz/ | /raɪz/ | rose | /rəʊz/ | /roʊz/ |
72 | see | /siː/ | /si/ | saw | /sɔː/ | /sɔ/ |
76 | shake | /ʃeɪk/ | /ʃeɪk/ | shook | /ʃʊk/ | /ʃʊk/ |
80 | show | /ʃəʊ/ | /ʃoʊ/ | showed | /ʃəʊd/ | /ʃoʊd/ |
82 | sing | /sɪŋ/ | /sɪŋ/ | sang | /sæŋ/ | /sæŋ/ |
86 | speak | /spiːk/ | /spik/ | spoke | /spəʊk/ | /spoʊk/ |
92 | steal | /stiːl/ | /stil/ | stole | /stəʊl/ | /stoʊl/ |
95 | swim | /swɪm/ | /swɪm/ | swam | /swæm/ | /swæm/ |
96 | take | /teɪk/ | /teɪk/ | took | /tʊk/ | /tʊk/ |
100 | throw | /θrəʊ/ | /θroʊ/ | threw | /θruː/ | /θru/ |
102 | wake | /weɪk/ | /weɪk/ | woke | /wəʊk/ | /woʊk/ |
103 | wear | /weə/ | /wɛr/ | wore | /wɔː/ | /wɔr/ |
106 | write | /raɪt/ | /raɪt/ | wrote | /rəʊt/ | /roʊt/ |
一般现在时的一般疑问句怎么变?
谓语动词是be动词的过去式(was / were)的,将be动词提前;
谓语动词是实义动词的,在句子前面加上Did,同时后来谓语动词变成原形。
一般现在时的否定句怎么变?
谓语动词是be动词的过去式(was / were)的,直接在后面加not,缩写为“wasn’t /weren’t”。
谓语动词是实义动词的,在谓语动词前面加上didn’t,同时后来谓语动词变成原形。
开心练习
1、A:You’re wearing your wedding ring on the wrong finger.
B: I know. I ___________(marry) the wrong man.
笑点学词
marry US: [ˈmeri] UK: [ˈmæri] v. 嫁;娶;(和某人)结婚;为…主持婚礼 注意“和某人结婚”(无论嫁娶)直接用marry sb. 而且这个词是短暂性的动词,如果与时间段连用,要改成be married的形式。
2、A: Do you know how my grandmother _______(stop) my grandfather biting his fingernails?
B: She __________(break) his false teeth!
笑点学词
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某人
false US: [fɔls] UK: [fɔːls] adj. 错误的;不正确的;不真实的;非天生的
3、A: Mum, Aunt Sarah kissed me.
B: ______ you kiss her back? Of course not,
A: I kissed her face.
笑点学词
back US: [bæk] UK: [bæk] n. 背;后面;后卫;腰背 v. 支持;倒退;帮助;下赌注于(赛马、参赛队伍等) adv. 向后;以前;回报;回原处 adj. 背后的;后面的;后部的;过去的
笑点提示:B的话中her本意是宾格,而A把her理解成了形容词性物主代词。
4、A:Did the film have a happy ending?
B:Well, everybody was happy when it ___________ (end)!
笑点学词
end US: [end] UK: [end] n. 结束;结尾;尽头;末端 v. 结束;终止
5、A: Ronald got into trouble at the zoo yesterday.
B: Really! What did he do?
A: He ___________the monkeys, (feed)
B: There’s nothing wrong with that!
A: Oh yes, there is. He ___________them to the lions, (feed)
笑点学词
get into trouble 遇到麻烦;卷入纠纷;
feed US: [fid] UK: [fiːd] v.饲养;喂养;供应;供给 feed sb. 喂、饲养 feed A to B 把A喂给B
参考答案
学着幽默
准确使用动词的形式和搭配真的非常重要。今天的任务是:请大家用包含至少一个动词过去式的对话给大家带来欢乐。请将你的作品发表在评论区。
ps. 不会的表达可以查查词典。