Musical instruments

2022-10-23 阅读 0 0 121 0

Musical instruments

Musical instruments have been created in many shapes and sizes to make distinctive sounds. When a single instrument is played by itself it is called a solo. Instruments can also be played together to create yet more sounds and harmonies. There are five main instrument families: strings, woodwind, brass, keyboards, and percussion.

Brass

People have been blowing into objects to make musical sounds since ancient times. The first brass instruments were adapted from animal horns and seashells: they are long hollow tubes that are blown into. In the 19th century, valves were added, allowing for a greater range of notes to be played. All brass instruments are played by putting the mouthpiece to the lips, pressing the lips together tightly, and blowing air through the middle of them to make them vibrate or “buzz.” Changing the pressure of the lips alters the pitch of the note sounded. The way musicians use their facial muscles and lip shape when blowing into the instrument is called “embouchure.” Brass players can also alter the sound their instrument makes by using mutes, which are cone-shaped wooden or metal objects placed inside the bell of the instrument. The orchestral brass section includes trumpets, trombones, French horns, and tubas.

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Cornet

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French horn

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Trombone

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Trumpet

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Tuba

Keyboards

From the earliest organs to the modern piano, keyboard instruments can produce a great variety of sound. With their wide range of notes, keyboards can match a whole orchestra but they have also inspired composers to write the most intimate solo pieces. The piano has become an icon of Western music and no other instrument has proved as versatile or as influential.

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Harpsichord

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Organ

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Piano

Orchestra

An orchestra is a large group of musicians playing together on various instruments. There could be 15 to 100 instrumentalists, depending on the music to be played. The orchestra developed gradually from the court bands of the 17th century. Instruments improved and new ones were added and, by about 1830, the modern symphony orchestra was more or less established.1667703099-c53c5d5eb421053

Percussion

Percussion instruments can be anything that is struck, shaken, or scraped. These instruments have been used since ancient times, but in the 20th century musicians began experimenting with percussion and using rhythm in new ways in both classical music and the emerging popular music. Orchestral percussion includes the timpani, cymbals, drums, and xylophones.

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Cymbals, gongs, and bells

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Drums

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Timpani

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Xylophone

Strings

Since ancient times, stringed instruments, known as chordophones, have developed to all shapes and sizes. These instruments make sounds by vibrating strings. The strings may be played with a bow, plucked with fingers, or struck with hammers. Nearly all chordophones are made up of strings stretched across a resonator. This is the hollow part of the instrument that vibrates along with the strings, making them sound more pleasing. The resonator usually has one or two sound holes cut into it to help the sound travel out of the instrument, for example the single, circular hole in the body of a guitar or the two f-shaped holes of a violin.

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Cello

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Double bass

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Electric guitar

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Guitar

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Harp

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Shamisen

Woodwind

Since the prehistoric flutes and whistles made from animal bones or hollow plants, an amazing variety of wind instruments have developed. Known as aerophones, they are played by blowing into or across holes in a tube, or on a single or double reed attached to a mouthpiece. The pitch of the note is fixed by the length of the tube and the number of open holes. Many modern woodwind instruments, such as the flute and clarinet, are formed by fitting together shorter sections of tube (joints) to form one longer tube. In the woodwind section of an orchestra, the instruments range from the tiny piccolo to the large bassoon and contrabassoon.

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Bassoon

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Clarinet

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Flute

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Oboe

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Recorder

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Saxophone

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